In the USA, there were 340,000 strikes in 2014(Common Ground Alliance 2014), the United Kingdom sees around 60,000 strikes each year (Institute of Civil Engineers). Excavation in both the UK and the US is highly-regulated so rates of damage are likely to be higher in regions with less regulation. The mega-trend of increasing urbanisation across the world means that there will be more cables and pipes in the ground and more frequent excavation. Damage to underground assets is a large problem with the potential to become more serious unless the correct steps are taken.
Damaging underground utilities can be dangerous: news reports across the world describe serious injury or death to workers and bystanders that can result from striking buried electricity cables or gas pipelines. Damage is also expensive: the utility will have to be repaired, productivity will be reduced, reputations are weakened and compensation paid. In many countries, injury at work can result in criminal prosecution and large fines. Insurance companies will look at damage rates as they assess premiums. In some countries, the average cost of cable strikes can exceed £20,000 per event.
This is the simplest, and most important step. Don’t excavate before the area has been scanned and marked-up by trained people using reliable location tools. Use tools in conjunction with maps (where available), but never rely on maps alone.There are two main approaches to finding buried services with electromagnetic locators: avoidance and precision locate. For the avoidance approach, Radiodetection’s C.A.T and Genny tools provide easy-to-use but powerful tools to locate buried services. They are targeted at excavation teams for them to use as part of their excavation process. For precision locate, Radiodetection’s 8100 locator series are designed for use by professional utility locators and survey professionals; they offer a much broader choice of modes and frequencies for the precise identification of individual services. No matter which approach is taken, it is vital that locators are used with matching signal transmitters e.g. Radiodetection’s Genny4 or TX-10 transmitters. The correct use of transmitters allows straightforward location of cables that are otherwise very difficult to find.
Use the best technology you can to detect buried services. Choose products that have been designed with the user in mind and which have modern features to make locating easier. For example, high accuracy and sensitivity, protection against interference from strong nearby power sources, selectable or multi-frequency signals, and warnings to the user for common incorrect use patterns.
Many countries offer recommended or mandatory practices for underground location and safe excavation. One such is the UK’s guidance from 2014 (HSG47 2014) which contains procedures for planning excavations, locating buried services and safe excavation; similar guidelines are available in several other countries. Forward-looking companies use these guidelines as the basis for their own safe working procedures. Effective training in safe working and in underground location is extremely important. Training can be vendor-delivered, in-house or externally-provided. Whichever route is chosen, they must be experts in both the tools you have chosen and the practicalities of underground cable and pipe location. Training can be supplemented by material on vendors’ website and by instructional videos.
Even when the first two elements are in place, they will not be effective unless the tools are actually used, and used correctly, and unless procedures are properly followed. Radiodetection’s locators support customers in this task by recording what is done with our C.A.T tools and our RD7100 and RD8100 precision locators. This data-logging functionality records key locator parameters every second and stores the logs in on-board non-volatile memory. The locator stores what mode was being used, what signal was being detected, the sensitivity setting of the locator, the depth of the located service and many more parameters. We also have built-in GPS on selected models in our range which is also stored in the logs. With the data that is logged, supervisors can check if locators were used, if they were used correctly, and assess the compliance to procedure. For GPS-enabled locators, the location where the locate was performed can also be retrieved. This information can then be used to identify training needs.
